Unit 1
Conducting an Experiment:
Does Ice Melt in Boiling Water
Preparation:
Will ice melt boiling water? Before doing the experiment, the following items are needed:
1 test tube
some pieces of ice
a small, thin piece of copper wire
1 candle and a book of matches
Preview of Vocabulary and Sentences
Test tube ---- a plain cylinder of thin glass with one end closed; a test tube is used in chemical experiments
to twist ---- to wind; to coil
spiral ---- coil
match ---- a short, thin piece of wood that is tipped with a mixture that produces fire when scratched
flame ---- the fire produced by a match; the fire at the top of a alcohol lamp
at a slant ---- at an angle; not straight up and down
to melt ---- to change from soiled to liquid from
conductor ---- a substance able to transmit heat or electricity
Text
Experiment and Listening
I. Listen to the task and complete the steps of the experiment:
Let’s begin the experiment.
First, put one or two pieces of ice into the bottom of the test tube.
Twist the copper wire into a ________
Put the wire into the test tube _______ _______ _______ the ice
Fill the test tube with _________
1.
Light the candle with a _______
Hold the test tube over the candle flame
Hold the test tube _______ _______ _______
Only the upper part of the tube is heated
The water over the flame begins to boil
Take hold of the bottom of the tube
The bottom of the test tube is cool enough to handle
The ice at the bottom do not melt
_______ _______ ________ ________ ________ _________ _______
II. Repeat the steps of the experiment and do the experiment
The Comprehension Check
A. Multiple-choice Quiz
_______ 1. the ______________
a. flame b. water c. candle d. copper wire
_______ 2. a. a flame b. a match c. boiling water d. pieces of ice
_______3. Because ___________ is a poor conductor of heat.
a. air b. copper c. glass d. water
_______ 4. So that _________________.
a. The copper wire gets heated
b. All the water in the tube boils.
c. The upper part of the tube is heated
d. The ice remains at the bottom of the tube
2.
B. True-false Quiz
_______ 1. Fill the test tube with water, and then add one or two pieces of ice.
_______ 2. Use a match to light the candle.
_______ 3. Light the candle after you fill the test tube with water.
_______ 4. Take hold of the bottom of test tube before the water begins to boil.
_______ 5. The water at the bottom of the tube boils, but the water at the top stays cool.
3.
Unit 2
Napoleon
Preparation
Do you know the story about Napoleon Bonaparte, the French conqueror. Some of people think he was a great man --- a hero. Other people think he was a villain --- a very bad person.
Preview of Vocabulary and Sentences
emperor ---- the ruler of an empire
military school ---- a school that trains young people to be soldiers or officers
to excel ---- to do better than others
career ---- an occupation followed as one’s lifework
fame ---- great honor
victories ---- conquests; successes
to control ---- to have power over
to lose ---- to fail to keep; to be unable to save
to be deserted ---- to be left by people who do not plan to return; to be abandoned
Text
Napoleon was a French soldier who became emperor of France. He was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only ten years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon was not a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and in military science. When he was sixteen years old, he joined the French army. In that year he began the military career that bought him fame, power, riches, and , finally, defeat. Napoleon became a general in the French army at the young age of twenty-four. Several years later he became emperor of the French Empire.
Napoleon was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, Napoleon won many, many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but many countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against Napoleon. His defeat ----- his end ---- came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign into Russia, he lost most of his army.
The great French Conqueror died alone --- deserted by is family and his friends --- in 1821. He died in 1821, alone and deserted. Napoleon was only fifty-one years old when he died.
4.
The Comprehension Check
I. Multiple-choice Quiz
________ 1. a. in 1769 b. in 1821 c. in France d. on Corsica
________ 2. a. He became a general. b. He joined the French army.
c. He started military school. d. All of the above.
________ 3. a. outstanding b. excellent c. good d. poor
________ 4. a. power b. wealth c. defeat d. All of the above
________ 5. as _________________
a. fierce b. loyal c. foolish d. brilliant
________ 6. a. Austria b. England c. Russia d. All of the above
________ 7. a. When he was fifty-one years old
b. Just before he defeated England.
c. After his military campaign into Russia
d. Several years after he became a general.
________ 8. in ________________
a. 1801 b. 1820 c. 1830 d. None of the above
II. True-false Quiz
_________ 1. Napoleon was born in 1869.
_________ 2. Napoleon was good in math when he was young.
_________ 3. His military career brought Napoleon a lot of money and a great deal of power.
_________ 4. Napoleon was made a general before he was thirty years old.
_________ 5. One reason that Napoleon won many military victories was that his soldiers were ready to fight to the death for him.
_________ 6. Austria and Russia fought fiercely against Napoleon, but England did not.
5.
_________ 7. Napoleon lost most his soldiers when he attacked England.
_________ 8. Many of Napoleon’s family and friends were with him when he died.
_________ 9. Napoleon died before he reached the age of fifty-two.
_________ 10. Napoleon was born and died in the 18th century.
III. Listen and complete the map
6.
IV. Answer the questions
1. Find the Kingdoms of Norway and Denmark on the map. What kingdom is east of Norway and Denmark?
2. Which kingdom was located south of the kingdom of Italy in Napoleon’s day?
3. There was a small kingdom west of the kingdom of Spain. What was the name of this small kingdom?
4. In Napoleon’s time, south of the Russian Empire lay the Ottoman Empire. Find the Ottoman Empire on the map. What was the capital city of this empire?
5. Find Finland on the map. Was Finland east or west of the kingdom of Sweden? Write the word “east” or the word “west” in the correct space.
6. The capital city of England was London. Was London north or south of the capital city of the French Empire?
7.
Unit 3
The American Civil War
Preparation
The American Civil War resulted from basic social and economic differences between the northern and southern parts of the United States. The two main issues dividing the North and the South of the country were (1) slavery, and (2) the preservation of the United States as one country.
Preview of vocabulary and sentences
friction ---- a continuous disagreement over ideas or opinions
foundation ---- a base or support which holds something up
plantation ---- a large southern estate or farm on which crops such as cotton and tobacco were grown, formerly by black slaves
attitude ---- a way of thinking, acting, or feeling; a point of view
conflict ---- a long fight or struggle; a war
domination ---- control; supremacy
the Union ---- the United States as it existed between 1776 and 1861; the northern side in the Civil War
The Confederate States of America
---- the group of 11 southern states that seceded from the United States in 1860 – 1861
to secede ---- to withdraw from a political alliance or organization
to preserve ---- to keep together; to maintain
Text
The American Civil War was fought over 100 years age. It began in 1861 and lasted until 1865. The Americans. What caused this terrible civil war between the North and the South.
Historians believe that there were many causes of the war. One of the important causes of the war was the friction between the North and the South over the issue of slavery. The southern way of life and the southern economy were based on the use of slave labor. For almost 250 years before the Civil War, the economy of the South depended on the use of black slaves. The slaves were used to plant and pick cotton and tobacco. Cotton and tobacco were the main crops grown in the south. Most Southerners did not think it was wrong to own, buy, or sell black slaves like farm
8.
animals. Slavery was , in fact, the foundation of the entire economy and way of life in the south. This was not the situation in the North. The northern economy did not depend on the use of slave labor. Why not?
In the south, there were many large cotton plantations that used hundreds of black slaves. In the North, however, there were smaller farms. The northern farmers planted many different kinds of crops, not just cotton or tobacco. The Northerners did not need slaves since their farms were smaller than most of the southern plantations. In fact, many Northerners were so opposed to slavery that they wanted to end slavery completely. The northern attitude against slavery made the Southerners angry. So, for many years before the war there was constant friction between the North and the South over this issue. This friction eventually led to war.
There was other friction, too, as I said before, between the North and the South. There were, in other words, other causes of conflict between the North and the South. One involved the growth of industry in the North. While the South remained an agricultural area, the North became more and more industrialized. As industry increased in the North, it brought more people and greater wealth to the northern states. As a result, many Southerners began to fear northern political and economic domination. Because of this fear, many Southerners believed that the South should leave the Union and that they should form their own country.
In 1860, the Southerners decided it was time to leave the Union when Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States. Lincoln, as you may know, was against slavery. The people of the South were afraid that their way of life and their economic system were in danger with Lincoln in the Presidency. Consequently, the southern states decided to secede from the Union. In other words, they wanted to break away from the North and form a Separate country. In 1861, South Carolina seceded, and by June of 1861 eleven southern states had seceded and established a new country. They called the new country the Confederate States of America. The war between the North and South began when the southern states seceded from the Union.
The main reason that the North went to war against the South was to bring the southern states back into the Union. In other words, the North went to war to keep the United States one country.
After 4 years of terrible fighting, the North won the war against the South, and the United States remained one country. The North won the war mainly because of its economic and industrial strength and power.
The Civil War had two important results for the United States: (1) the Civil War preserved the United States as one country; and (2) it ended slavery in the United States.
Many American wonder what the United States would be like today if the South had won the Civil War. The history of the United States would have been very different if the South had won the War between the States.
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The Comprehension Check
I. Multiple- choice Quiz
______ 1. a. over 100 years b. for 4years c. in 1865 d. in 1861
______ 2. The issue of ________________
a. religion b. slavery c. history d. crime
______ 3. The South’s economy was ______________
a. based on cotton and tobacco b. depend on slave labor
c. both a and b d. neither a and
______ 4. The North had ____________
a. smaller farms b. grew a variety of crops
c. did not use slave labor d. all of the above
______ 5. The growth of industry in the North ______________.
a. increased the use of slave labor
b. b. resulted in increased population and money
c. c. increased southern domination of the North
d. d. increased the production of cotton and tobacco
______ 6. a. The North abolished slavery.
b. Abraham Lincoln was elected President.
c. The slaves tried to secede and form their own country.
d. The South did not want to become industrialized like the North.
______ 7. a. The South States of America b. The slave States of America
c. The Cotton States of America d. The Confederate States of America
______ 8. The North went to war in order to ____________
a. abolish slavery
b. b. keep the United States one country
c. get control of the cotton plantations
d. d. force the South to became industrialized
______ 9. a. The slaves helped the North
b. The Southerners did not fight very hard.
c. The South depended on slaves to fight for them
d. The North had greater industrial power and wealth
10.
______ 10. a. It industrialized the South very quickly.
b. The South realized that slavery was evil.
c. It abolished slavery in the United States.
d. None of the above.
II. True- false Quiz
_______ 1. The American Civil War started in 1861.
_______ 2. The American Civil War ended over 100 years ago.
_______ 3. There were any large cotton plantations in the North before the war.
_______ 4. The use of slaves in the South began around the time of the American Civil War.
_______ 5. Most southerners felt that it was all right to own, buy, and sell slaves.
_______ 6. Most slaves were unhappy and wanted President Lincoln to free them.
_______ 7. Most Northerners wanted to use slaves to work on their small farms.
_______ 8. The only reason for the American Civil War was the issue of slavery.
_______ 9. The North had better soldiers and generals than the South did.
_______ 10. The American Civil War was over in few month.
III. Supplementary Reading
Kennedy and Lincoln lived in different times.
They had different family and educational backgrounds.
Kennedy lived in the 20th century.
Lincoln lived in the 19th century.
Kennedy was born in 1917.
Lincoln was born in 1809.
Kennedy came form a wealth family. He went to expensive private schools. He graduated from Harvard University.
Lincoln had only one year of formal schooling. He taught himself law and became a lawyer. He was a self-educated man.
There are many coincidences in the lives of two men.
Lincoln began his political career as a Congressman.
Kennedy began his political career as a Congressman.
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Lincoln was elected to the Congress 1847.
Kennedy was elected to the Congress in 1947.
Lincoln was elected President in 1860.
Kennedy was elected President in 1960.
Lincoln and Kennedy were presidents during years of civil unrest. Lincoln was President during the Civil War. During Kennedy’s term there were civil rights demonstrations.
Neither lived to complete his presidency.
Lincoln was assassinated in 1865.
Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 in Dallas, Texas.
12.
Unit 4
Blood Types: O, A, B, AB
Preparation
Did you know that not everybody has the same kinds of blood ? Doctors didn’t know that people had different kinds of blood until fairly recently.
Preview of vocabulary and sentences
to belong to ---- to be part of
transfusion ---- transferring blood from one person into a vein of another person
patient ---- a person under the car of a doctor or a nurse
sample ---- a small, representative amount which is taken from a large amount
Text
It was during World War I that scientists discovered that there were different kinds of blood. They discovered that there were four types of blood. There are only four types of blood for all people in the world. In other words, all people are classed as belonging to one of the four blood groups. In the United States these blood groups are called Type O, Type B, and Type AB. About one half of all the people in the world belong to the Type O blood group. Almost everyone else belongs to the Type A group. Blood groups B and AB are quite small. In other word, most people in the world have Type O or Type A Blood.
Today, Before a blood transfusion is given, a sample of blood is taken from the patient. This blood sample is sent to the laboratory for a test. This test will tell the doctor whether the patient has O, A, B, or AB blood.
The Comprehension Check
I. Multiple- choice Quiz
1. ___________ World War I.
a. before b. during c. after d. none of the above
2. Group ______________.
a. O b. A c. B d. AB
3. Group _____________.
a. O b. A c. B d. AB
13.
4. In order to ____________.
a. be tested at the laboratory
b. b. see what type blood the patient has
c. help the doctor safely transfuse the patient
d. d. all of the above
II. True- false Quiz
______ 1. during the First World War scientists discovered that there were different kinds of blood.
______ 2. All people in the world belong to one of the four blood groups.
______ 3. Most people in the world have Type B blood.
______ 4. After a blood transfusion is given, a sample of blood is taken from the patient.
______ 5. The laboratory test tells the patient that the doctor has Type O, A, B, AB blood.
14.
Unit 5
Volcano
Preparation
Before we learn about volcanoes, we must know the following words first.
crack n. very thin mark or opening caused by breaking
erupt v. (eruption n.) to explode and pour out fire
cone n. a sharp with a round base and a point at the top
crater n. the round mouth of a volcano
lava n. a very hot liquid state flowing from a volcano
cinder and ash n. very small piece of burn wood
magma n. hot melted rock blow the surface of the earth
Preview of vocabulary and sentences
Bay of Naples
79 A.D ---- 79 tears after the birth of Christ
sight ---- a scene; a view
ash ---- residue left when material is consumed by fire; very small particles of mineral matter that a volcano sends out
to flee ---- to run to escape from danger
to be buried alive ---- to be covered by ash or dirt completely while still living and then to die
to dig ---- to turn up the ground or soil with a shovel
archaeologists ---- scientists who study the remains of ancient civilizations
ruins ---- the remains of destroyed buildings or cities
Text
Today many people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. Over 2,000 years ago, many rich Romans did the same thing. They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii. Pompeii was a beautiful city; it was located on the ocean, on the Bay of Naples.
In the year 79 A.D., a young Roman boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in Pompeii. The boy’s name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into sky. Rock and ash flew through the air. What Pliny saw was the eruption – the explosion – of the volcano, Vesuvius. The city of Pompeii was at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius.
15.
When the volcano first erupted, many people were able to flee the city and to escape death. In fact, 18.000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash. The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of Pompeii was buried and forgotten for 1,700 years.
In the year 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of Pompeii. Soon archaeologists began to excavate – to dig – in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of Pompeii was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.
The Comprehension Check
I. Short – answer Quiz
1. In what time of the year did wealthy Romans like to visit Pompeii?
2. Where was the city of Pompeii located?
3. In what year did Pliny pay a visit to his uncle’s house in Pompeii?
4. What did Pliny see when he was looking out over the Bay of Naples one day?
5. Where was Pompeii located in relation to Mt. Vesuvius?
6. How many people lived through the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius?
7. How much volcanic rock and ash buried Pompeii?
8. When did an Italian farmer discover a part of an ancient wall of Pompeii?
9. Today who comes from all over the world to see the ruins of the city of Pompeii?
16.
II. True – false Quiz
_____ 1. Pliny was from Pompeii.
_____ 2. Pliny was visiting his father’s or mother’s brother’s house in Pompeii.
_____ 3. Mt. Vesuvius erupted in about the year 79 A. D.
_____ 4. Roman was located at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius.
_____ 5. Most of the people of Pompeii were able to flee the city and to escape death.
_____ 6. Pompeii was buried under 2 feet of volcanic ash.
_____ 7. Pompeii lay buried and forgotten between 79 A. D. and 1748.
_____ 8. An Italian farmer discovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of Pompeii over 200 years ago.
_____ 9. The Italian farmer was looking for the ancient city of Pompeii.
_____ 10. Tourists come to excavate the city of Pompeii.
III. Complete the following sketch with the correct words
crack eruption cone crater lava
cinder and ash magma
17
Food for Thought
1. What’s the Negative points and Side – effect of volcanoes?
2. How many types of volcanoes?
18.
Unit 6
Loss of Heat
Preparation
You could say that “heat is something, while cold is nothing.” And you would be about right. Cold is merely the absence of heat. The only way you can make anything cold is by taking heat from it. Before doing the experiment, the following items are needed:
1 small bottle
a large container
a bottle of ink
Preview of vocabulary and sentences
evaporate ---- to change into steam and disappear
radiation ---- the radiating of heat
convection ---- the movement in liquid caused by warm liquid rising and cold liquid sinking
conduction ---- the passage of water through pipes, etc.
Text
You can feel heat transfer by wetting your hands and holding them in the air. The water evaporates, changing to water vapor. The heat required for this to occur comes from your hands, and so your hands feel cool. Water is always evaporating from your hands even when they feels hot and clammy because evaporation cannot occur. Your body produces more heat than is needed to maintain normal temperature. A large part of the excess heat is lost by evaporation through pores in the skin. When you cannot get rid of that heat, you feel uncomfortable.
Evaporation can be speeded by removing your clothes. You would be comfortable down to about 75º., but would get shivery as soon as the temperature dropped any lower. And evaporation can be speeded by moving the air that surrounds you. A fan makes you feel cooler; so does a natural breeze. Evaporation causes cooling, and the faster it occurs, the greater the cooling.
When you have a fever, meaning your body temperature is higher than 98.6º, you sometimes need to have an alcohol bath. Alcohol evaporates very rapidly – much faster than water – and the rapid evaporation often is sufficient to bring down the temperature of a feverish person.
In addition to losing heat by evaporation, your body loses heat in the breathing process. And the air is exhaled, whatever heat it has picked up is carried away.
19.
Evaporation and breathing remove heat from your body. There are three principle ways in which the heat moves away from you, and also moves toward you. The first is by radiation. When air or water is present, heat may be lost by radiation. But it is also lost, or moved from place to place, by convection – by movements of the air or water. In order for convection currents to start, the air around you must become heated. In part, this is done by conduction.
The Comprehension Check
I. Re-arrange the steps of the experiment of Convection
_____ Fill a small bottle with warm water.
_____ You’ll see that the colored warm water will rise, making a clearly defined column.
_____ The column will swing to the side.
_____ Fill cool water in a large container.
_____ Carefully place the open bottle upright at the bottle of a large clear container.
_____ Then the column will fall a bit as it cools.
_____ Color it with a few drops of blue ink.
II. Let’s follow the steps and do this experiment
20.
Unit 7
Earthquake
Preparation
Earthquakes are trembling of the earth’s surface. The real cause of earthquakes is usually a “fault” in the rocks of the earth’s crust – a break along which one rock mass has rubbed on another with very great force and friction.
Preview the vocabulary and sentences
tremble ---- to shake uncontrollably with quake short movements.
vibration ---- slight continuous shaky movement
Text
You can get a pretty good idea of what causes an earthquake from thinking about what happens during an earthquake. During an earthquake, there is an trembling of the ground. It is this trembling of the earth which may cause buildings to fall.
So an earthquake is trembling of the earth’s surface. What makes it happen? Well, the rock of the earth’s crust may have a “fault”, a kind of break in the crust. The earth blocks shift. Sometimes the sides of the fault move up and down against each other. At other times, the sides of the fault shift lengthwise.
But when one rock mass has rubbed on another with great force and friction, we have a lot of energy being used. This vast energy that comes from the rubbing is changed to vibration in the rocks. The vibration is what we feel as an earthquake. And this vibration may travel thousands of miles.
The reason earthquakes take place in certain regions frequently and almost never in other regions, is that the faults in the earth’s crust are located in these regions.
The Comprehension Check
Food for thought
1. If an earthquake is happening, what do you do?
a. Crawl under your bed.
b. Stand in the doorway of your room.
c. Kneel under a window with your back to the wall.
d. Climb into a fireplace with your head up the chimney.
21.
2. Where do you go?
a. home
b. the nearest building
c. a car
d. d. none of the above.
3. Suppose you’re inside a tall building, what do you do?
a. Run outside.
b. Get into the elevator and ride up and down.
c. Do exactly what you’d do if you were in a house.
4.What can happen after an earthquake?
a. fire
b. floods
c. more earthquakes
d. all of the above
5. What do you do after an earthquake?
a. Drink a big glass of water.
b. Have a bath.
c. Sit down and have a good meal.
d. Explore any buildings that have partly fallen down.
e. None of the above.
6. Is there anything you can do to get ready for an earthquake?
a. Learn how to turn off the gas, electricity, and water.
b. Know how to use a fire extinguisher.
c. Keep emergency supplies ready.
d. All of the above.
22.
Unit One
The Titanic and the Andrea Doria: Tragedies at sea
Preparation
People have been traveling by boat or ship for 3,000 years or more. During this time, many people have lost their lives in boating accidents or shipwrecks. Two of the most famous shipwrecks occurred in the 20th century.
Preview of vocabulary and sentences
luxury liner ---- a ship that provides passengers with beautiful, comfortable rooms to sleep in, games to play, and excellent food to eat. It costs a lot of money to travel on such a ship
to shock ---- to surprise greatly; to astonish
tragedy ---- a very sad or terrible event; a mishap; a disaster
heroism ---- great courage and bravery; valor; boldness
villainy ---- corrupt, and cowardly conduct
coward ---- a person who will not face danger bravely; a person who does not demonstrate courage in the face of fear or danger
disaster ---- an even that happens suddenly and that causes great damage or suffering; a catastrophe
iceberg ---- a large mass of ice that has broken away from a glacier and that is floating in the ocean
to collide with ---- to crash into; to smash into
lookout ---- a person on a ship who watches for unexpected danger to the ship, such as an iceberg
to survive ---- to remain alive after a dangerous situation; to live through a life-threatening event
to rescue ---- those who operate and run a ship
The Comprehension Check
I. Multiple – choice Quiz
_______ 1. a. Italy b. England c. New York d. none of above
_______ 2. a. 44 b. 60 c. 1912 d. 1956
_______3. a. They were both luxury liners.
b. They were both crossing the Atlantic when they sank.
c. People believed that both ships were unsinkable.
d. All of the above.
1.
_______ 4. a. The Andrea Doria sank, but the Titanic did not sink.
b. The Andrea Doria carried enough lifeboats for all the people on the ship, but the Titanic did not.
c. The Titanic had radar; however, the Andrea Doria did not have radar.
d.The Andrea Doria carried passengers, the Titanic did not.
_______ 5. An act of ____________
a. bravery b. heroism c. villainy d. all of the above
_______ 6. a. The majority of people on the Titanic were rescued.
b. Everybody on the Andrea Doria was able to get into a lifeboat.
c. The Titanic went down on her first voyage across the Atlantic.
d.The lookout on the Titanic saw the iceberg about an hour before the
accident.
_______ 7. a. More people died on the Andrea Doria.
b. Fewer people died on the Andrea Doria.
c. About the same number of people died on both ships.
d. None of the above.
_______ 8. a. Seven hundred people were rescued from the Titanic.
b. The Titanic and the Andrea Doria were truly unsinkable ships.
c. The Titanic did not have enough lifeboats for all the people aboard.
d. There is still money, silver, and gold in the Titanic and the Andrea Doria at the bottom of the sea.
_______ 9. a. Radar had not been invented in 1912.
b. A lookout was considered to be better than radar.
c. The people who owned the ship were trying to save money.
d. Radar doesn’t work well in parts of the world where there are icebergs.
_______ 10. a. Lifeboats are very expensive.
b. Nobody thought that they would be needed.
c. The Titanic was a small ship, and there wasn’t enough room for them.
d. All of the above.
II. True – false Quiz
1. ______________ 2. _______________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________
5. ______________ 6. _______________7. ______________ 8. _____________
9. ______________ 10. ______________
2.
Additional Reading
Information about Titanic
In 1912, the Titanic hit an iceberg on its first trip across the Atlantic, and sank four hours later. At that time, the Titanic was the largest ship that had ever traveled on the sea. It was carrying 2207 people, but it had taken on enough lifeboats for only 1178 people. When the passengers tried to leave the ship, only 651 of them were able to get into lifeboats.
The Carpathia was 58 miles away when the Titanic called on its radio for help. It arrived two hours after the great ship had gone down, and it saved 705 people. Some of the survivors had been in the icy water for hours when they were saved. Most of the passengers hadn’t lived that long; 1502 people had lost their lives.
Through the whole tragedy, the Californian was only ten miles away. Its officers were close enough to see the Titanic, but they didn’t understand the situation. They never received the Titanic’s call for help, and they didn’t come to the rescue until too late.
Why was there such a great loss of life? Why were there so few survivors? Why didn’t the Californian come to help?
